You are right on the size variation. The size on the side of the tire is a nominal number much like a "2X4". The actual heigth can vary up to an inch (more commen in truck sizes) and depends on the manufacturer and even varies between styles of the same manufacturer. The old metric sizes without an aspect ratio (i.e. 175R14) were usually 82 series. 80 series tires didn't appear until US manufacturers brought out the P-metric sizes and were only in the 13 inch sizes (i.e. P165/80R13).